How to Install MongoDB 4 on Debian 10

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MongoDB is an open-source document database used in many modern web applications. and MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database used for high volume data storage. Instead of using tables and rows as in the traditional relational databases,

Install the dependencies.

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Run the below command to update the system and install the required dependencies for the Database.

apt update

apt install dirmngr gnupg apt-transport-https software-properties-common ca-certificates curl

Add the MongoDB GPG key to your system.

curl -fsSL https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.2.asc | sudo apt-key add -

Enable the MongoDB repository.

add-apt-repository 'deb https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian buster/mongodb-org/4.2 main'

Install the MongoDB with the following command.

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apt install mongodb-org

Start the MongoDB service and enable it to start automatically after rebooting the system.

systemctl start mongod
systemctl enable mongod

Output:

root@vps:~# systemctl start mongod
root@vps:~# systemctl enable mongod
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mongod.service → /lib/systemd/system/mongod.service.

Now, check the status of the MongoDB service.

systemctl status mongod

Output:

root@vps:~# systemctl status mongod
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-06-10 10:25:37 EDT; 11min ago
     Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
 Main PID: 28983 (mongod)
   Memory: 81.7M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
           └─28983 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

Jun 10 10:25:37 vps.server.com systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.

To verify whether the installation has completed successfully by running the following command.

mongo --eval 'db.runCommand({ connectionStatus: 1 })'

Output:

root@vps:~# mongo --eval 'db.runCommand({ connectionStatus: 1 })'
MongoDB shell version v4.2.14
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("d8e8ed25-8b88-4e5a-9dcc-41e3abad28f9") }
MongoDB server version: 4.2.14
{
        "authInfo" : {
                "authenticatedUsers" : [ ],
                "authenticatedUserRoles" : [ ]
        },
        "ok" : 1
}

Creating Administrative MongoDB User

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First, access the MongoDB shell.

mongo

Connect to the admin database.

use admin

Output:

> use admin
switched to db admin
>

Run the following command to create a new user and set the password for the user.

db.createUser(
    {
        user: "mongoAdmin",
        pwd: "SecurePassword",
        roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]
    }
)

Output:

Successfully added user: {
        "user" : "mongoAdmin",
        "roles" : [
                {
                        "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
                        "db" : "admin"
                }
        ]
}

Exit the mongo shell.

quit()

To test the changes, access the mongo shell using the created administrative user.

mongo -u mongoAdmin -p --authenticationDatabase admin

Output:

root@vps:~# mongo -u mongoAdmin -p --authenticationDatabase admin
MongoDB shell version v4.2.14
Enter password:

Switch to the admin database.

use admin

Output:

> use admin
switched to db admin

List the users and see if you can list the created user.

show users

Output:

> show users
{
        "_id" : "admin.mongoAdmin",
        "userId" : UUID("773c7b28-9950-47b1-8b7d-19bb4e24ecab"),
        "user" : "mongoAdmin",
        "db" : "admin",
        "roles" : [
                {
                        "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
                        "db" : "admin"
                }
        ],
        "mechanisms" : [
                "SCRAM-SHA-1",
                "SCRAM-SHA-256"
        ]
}