How to Install Elasticsearch on Debian 12

Elasticsearch is a highly scalable open-source full-text search and analytics engine. It allows you to store, search, and analyze big volumes of data quickly and in near real-time. Elasticsearch is an open-source developed in Java and used by many big organizations around the world.

Install OpenJDK-11

First, update the packages index and install the OpenJDK-11 with the following commands.

apt update

OpenJDK packages are available under native apt repositories. You can simply use apt-cache search command to search the available java version for your Debian system.

apt-cache search openjdk

Output:

root@vps:~# apt-cache search openjdk
openjdk-17-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-17-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-17-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-17-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-17-jdk-headless - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) (headless)
openjdk-17-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT

Now install openjdk latest version,

apt-get install openjdk-17-jre

Output:

root@vps:~# apt-get install openjdk-17-jre
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  adwaita-icon-theme alsa-topology-conf alsa-ucm-conf at-spi2-common at-spi2-core ca-certificates-java dconf-gsettings-backend
  dconf-service fontconfig

After installation, check the version of JAVA.

java -version

Output:

root@vps:~# java -version
openjdk version "17.0.6" 2023-01-17
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+10-Debian-1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.6+10-Debian-1, mixed mode, sharing)
root@vps:~#

Install Elasticsearch

Install GnuPG2 Package by running the following command.

apt-get install gnupg2 -y

Import GPG key for Elasticsearch packages.

wget -qO - https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo apt-key add -

Output:

root@vps:~# wget -qO - https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | apt-key add -
Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)).
OK
root@vps:~#

Next, add the Elasticsearch repository to the system by the following command.

sh -c 'echo "deb https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/apt stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-7.x.list'

After adding the repository to your system. Update cache and then install Elasticsearch packages on your system.

apt update 

apt install elasticsearch

Output:

root@vps:~# apt install elasticsearch
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  elasticsearch

After installing the Elasticsearch package, Start and enable the elasticsearch service with the following command.

systemctl start elasticsearch.service

systemctl enable elasticsearch.service

Output:

root@vps:~# systemctl enable elasticsearch.service
Synchronizing state of elasticsearch.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable elasticsearch
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/elasticsearch.service → /lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service.
root@vps:~#

Configure Elasticsearch

Once the elasticsearch has been installed on your system, open the elasticsearch.yml configuration file.

nano /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

Search for the line that contains network.host, uncomment it, and change the value to 0.0.0.0.

Set the network host to 0.0.0.0 to listen on all interfaces and make it available publicly,

network.host: 0.0.0.0

In case you want to configure this to be private/local to your machine. You will have to set the network.host to 127.0.0.1, so the content is not public.

Add discovery.type: single-node under the discovery section,

discovery.type: single-node

Save and exit the file once modified and restart the Elasticsearch service for the changes to take effect.

systemctl restart elasticsearch

Install and enable firewall using below command, 

apt install ufw -y

ufw enable

Output:

Command may disrupt existing ssh connections. Proceed with operation (y|n)? y
Firewall is active and enabled on system startup
root@vps:~#

Now, allow the port and reload the firewall using the following command.

ufw allow 9200

ufw reload

Output:

root@vps:~# ufw allow 9200
Rules updated
Rules updated (v6)
root@vps:~# ufw enable
Command may disrupt existing ssh connections. Proceed with operation (y|n)? y
Firewall is active and enabled on system startup
root@vps:~#

Enter it into your browser's to the server hostname or IP address followed by port #9200

http://<your_server_IP>:9200

Output:

{
  "name" : "vps.server.com",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid" : "Njc30wnCRsOXSECsvnlmdA",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.17.10",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "deb",
    "build_hash" : "fecd68e3150eda0c307ab9a9d7557f5d5fd71349",
    "build_date" : "2023-04-23T05:33:18.138275597Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.11.1",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

Done!