Getting Started with Debian 11
Logging in as Root
By default, our Debian templates come with root access.
We will access our server via SSH as below,
ssh root@your_server_ip
Creating a New User
Once we've accessed the server, we will create a new user with limited privileges.
adduser user1
By creating a new user, this will provide the user with their own home directory.
Granting Administrative Privileges
Run the below command to grant the new user with sudo or Administrative privileges,
usermod -aG sudo user1
Setting Up a Basic Firewall
Debian will not have UFW installed by default. We will run the below commands to install it using apt
,
apt update
apt install ufw
Listing Available Application Profiles
In UFW, you can list and manage rules for a predefined set of applications. In order to list available profiles,
ufw app list
We will allow firewall to make SSH connections by executing the below command,
ufw allow OpenSSH
Output:
root@server:~# ufw allow OpenSSh
Rules updated
Rules updated (v6)
Enable Firewall
To enable UFW, run the below command,
ufw enable
Make sure that you've allowed SSH connection, otherwise, you will be locked out and you may have to manually gain access to the server via VNC console and then allow SSH connections.
Output:
root@server:~# ufw enable
Command may disrupt existing ssh connections. Proceed with operation (y|n)? y
Firewall is active and enabled on system startup
Status of Firewall
To check the status of UFW, run the below command,
ufw status
Output:
root@server:~# ufw status
Status: active
To Action From
-- ------ ----
Nginx HTTP ALLOW Anywhere
80 ALLOW Anywhere
443 ALLOW Anywhere
OpenSSH ALLOW Anywhere
Nginx HTTP (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)
80 (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)
443 (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)
OpenSSH (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)
Enabling External Access for Your Regular User
To enable external access for the newly created user, run the below command,
cp -r ~/.ssh /home/user1
chown -R user1:user1 /home/user1/.ssh
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