How to Install Drupal on Ubuntu 22.04

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Drupal is a Content Management System (CMS) to maintain and publish an internet website. It's an open-source content management system (CMS) with a large, supportive community. It's used by millions of people and organizations around the globe to build and maintain their websites.

Update the System

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Let us update the system packages to the latest by running the below commands,

apt update -y 

apt upgrade -y

Install MariaDB Server

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Next is to install MariaDB or MySQL. I will be using MariaDB for this process. So let’s install MariaDB with the following command.

apt install -y mariadb-server mariadb-client

Secure your database server by setting a root password, disabling root remote logins, and removing test databases.

mysql_secure_installation

Output:

root@crown:~# sudo mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

To log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y 
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

Check that you can log in to the database as a root user with a password set.

mysql -u root -p

Now that we are able to log in as regular users, we can now create a Drupal database that Drupal can use once we installed it into our system. To create one using the following command.

Create Database for Drupal

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mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE drupal;
CREATE USER 'drupal_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON drupal.* to drupal_user@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
\q

Output:

root@crown:~#  mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 128
Server version: 10.6.7-MariaDB-2ubuntu1 Ubuntu 22.04

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE drupal;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON drupal.* TO ‘drupal’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY "StrongPassword";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> \q
Bye

Install PHP

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By default, Ubuntu 22.04 comes with PHP version 8.1. We will install PHP and other necessary modules required to run Drupal.

apt install php php-{cli,fpm,json,common,mysql,zip,gd,intl,mbstring,curl,xml,pear,tidy,soap,bcmath,xmlrpc}

Output:

root@crown:~# apt install php php-{cli,fpm,json,common,mysql,zip,gd,intl,mbstrin                                                                          g,curl,xml,pear,tidy,soap,bcmath,xmlrpc}
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
php is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-cli is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-common is already the newest version (2:92ubuntu1).
php-curl is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-gd is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-json is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-mysql is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-pear is already the newest version (1:1.10.12+submodules+notgz+20210212-1ubu                                                                          ntu3).
php-tidy is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-xml is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-bcmath is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-fpm is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-intl is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-mbstring is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-soap is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
php-xmlrpc is already the newest version (3:1.0.0~rc3-2).
php-zip is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).

Install Apache Web Server

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As for the Web Server, we will use Apache as it is easy to configure and use.

To install, run the below commands

apt install apache2 libapache2-mod-php

Output:

root@crown:~# apt install apache2 libapache2-mod-php
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
apache2 is already the newest version (2.4.52-1ubuntu4).
libapache2-mod-php is already the newest version (2:8.1+92ubuntu1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove, and 9 not upgraded.

Update PHP Timezone and Memory Limit.

Enter the TimeZone you want Drupal to use as default.

nano /etc/php/*/apache2/php.ini
memory_limit = 256
date.timezone = UTC

Download the Latest Version of Drupal and extract it on Ubuntu 22.04.

wget https://www.drupal.org/download-latest/tar.gz -O drupal.tar.gz
tar xvf drupal.tar.gz
mv drupal-*/  /var/www/html/drupal

Update ownership for a drupal directory to Apache user and group.

 chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/
 chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/

Configure Apache Web Server for Drupal

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Create a configuration file for Drupal.

 nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/drupal.conf

Add the following content,

Replace example.com with your actual domain name.

<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerName mysite.com
     ServerAdmin admin@example.com
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html/drupal/

     CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
     ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

      <Directory /var/www/html/drupal>
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
            AllowOverride All
            Require all granted
            RewriteEngine on
            RewriteBase /
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
            RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
   </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Configure and Enable Website using below commands,

 apachectl -t
 a2dismod mpm_event
 a2enmod mpm_prefork
 a2enmod php8.1
 a2enmod rewrite
 a2ensite drupal.conf
systemctl restart apache2

Check and Install Drupal on Ubuntu from the browser.

Access the Drupal configuration page by using http://example.com

Replace example.com with your actual domain.

Select an installation profile.

Set Database Configure for Drupal.

Wait for the installation to complete,

Configure your site,

You’ll get to the Drupal dashboard in a few,

Done.